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Registros recuperados: 43 | |
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Bahiigwa, Godfrey. |
This paper reviews the opportunities and challenges that Eastern African farmers face in accessing domestic, regional and international markets. With rising population and incomes, domestic markets offer great opportunities for farmers. However, because of structural, institutional and organizational constraints, small scale rural farmers may not benefit much from domestic urban markets unless they are organized and trained to meet the high quality product standards demanded by urban consumers and supermarkets. ECA countries stand to gain more by investing in commodities that are consumed within the region, than from traditional cash crops destined for international markets. Regional integration offers opportunities for larger markets and efficiency gains... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Market access; Trade reforms; Regional integration; Economic growth; Eastern African farmers; International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25270 |
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Minot, Nicholas. |
In Tanzania, as in many other developing countries, the conventional wisdom is that economic reforms may have stimulated economic growth, but that the benefits of this growth have been uneven, favoring urban households and farmers with good market access. This idea, although quite plausible, has rarely been tested empirically. In this paper, we develop a new approach to measuring trends in poverty and apply it to Tanzania in order to explore the distributional aspects of economic growth and the relationship between rural poverty and market access. We find that, between 1991 and 2003, a period of extensive economic reforms, the overall rate of poverty fell about 9 percentage points. The degree of poverty reduction was similar between rural and urban areas,... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Tanzania; Poverty; Market access; Agricultural development; Rural areas; Economic reform; Measurement; Rural poverty; International Development; I32; O18; O55; Q13; R11. |
Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59829 |
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Kruijssen, Froukje; Keizer, Menno; Giuliani, Alessandra. |
The role of well-functioning markets for development is now widely recognized, however the challenge remains to make these markets benefit the poor and the environment. Increasing attention is being given to the potential role markets can play for agrobiodiversity conservation through product diversification and increasing competitiveness in niche and novelty markets. Bioversity International has undertaken several studies that explore the use of market-based approaches to on-farm agrobiodiversity management and livelihood improvement. Case studies have been developed on a range of species, varieties and derived products, including underutilized species and commodities in several regions of the world. This paper explores how the theory of collective action... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural biodiversity; Market chain; Market access; Livelihoods; Collective action; Agribusiness. |
Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50002 |
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Rich, Karl M.; Perry, Brian D.; Kaitibie, Simeon. |
While Ethiopia is Africa’s largest livestock producer, sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) barriers and animal diseases have traditionally constrained market access. A system dynamics model examined the feasibility of a proposed SPS certification system under a number of scenarios. Model results indicate that the system may not be viable for beef exports to Middle Eastern markets. However, the binding constraint is high domestic input costs rather than the costs of SPS compliance. Sensitivity analyses reveal that while investments in feed efficiency and animal productivity would enhance Ethiopia’s export competitiveness, the competitive nature of international beef markets may still prevent market access. |
Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: SPS; Livestock; Market access; System dynamics; Ethiopia; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Q10; Q13. |
Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53794 |
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Bouet, Antoine. |
The objective of this paper is to analyze the best trade approach for Southern Mediterranean countries (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Turkey) that helps them increase market access and develop trade policies which will facilitate the most efficient economic development. The study uses, the MacMap-HS6 database on market access and the Modeling International Relations under Applied General Equilibrium (MIRAGE) model of the global economy. While most South Mediterranean (SM) countries are very protectionist, they enjoy a fairly good access to world markets, either due to product specialization or to preferences granted by the European Union in the industrial sector. Today, these countries are simultaneously opting for... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Trade strategy; Market access; Trade policies; Economic development; MIRAGE model; Multilateralism; Regional strategies; Free trade; International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58568 |
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Chamberlin, Jordan; Pender, John L.; Yu, Bingxin. |
The choices that smallholder farmers are able to make are strongly conditioned by the geographic conditions in which they live. The importance of this fact for rural development strategy is not lost on policy makers. For example, the government of Ethiopia frequently frames policy discussions by broadly different geographical conditions of moisture availability, recognizing moisture reliable, drought prone and pastoralist areas. These conditions are seen as important criteria for determining the nature, extent and priority of development interventions for different parts of the country. There is considerable evidence, however, that other geographical factors also have important implications for rural development options. This paper uses agroecology, access... |
Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Smallholders; Small farmers; Geographic conditions; Rural development strategies; Development policy; Agro-ecology; Market access; Livelihoods; Population density; International Development. |
Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55410 |
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Maire, Eva; D'Agata, Stephanie; Aliaume, Catherine; Mouillot, David; Darling, Emily S.; Ramahery, Volanirina; Ranaivoson, Ravaka; Randriamanantsoa, Bemahafaly; Tianarisoa, Tantely F.; Santisy, Abdoul; Cinner, Joshua E.. |
Rapid degradation of the world’s coral reefs jeopardizes their ecological functioning and ultimately imperils the wellbeing of the millions of people with reef-dependent livelihoods. Ecosystem accessibility is the main driver of their conditions, with the most accessible ecosystems being most at risk of resource depletion. People’s socioeconomic conditions can change as they get further from urban centers and can profoundly influence people’s relationship with the environment. However, the mechanisms through which increasing accessibility from human societies affects natural resources are still unclear. A plausible mechanism through which markets influence the environment is through the socioeconomic changes that tend to accompany accessibility. We used... |
Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Accessibility; Coral reef fisheries; Fish biomass; Market access; Social-ecological systems. |
Ano: 2020 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00652/76440/77528.pdf |
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Listorti, Giulia; Kempen, Markus; Girardin, Jean; Kranzlein, Tim. |
In a context in which price uncertainty is likely to increase, expected market trends need to be taken carefully into account while negotiating international trade policy rules. This paper aims at analyzing what is their influence on the use of policy flexibilities in the context of WTO agricultural negotiations. In particular, within the market access pillar, we focus on the selection of sensitive products. Our model, TRIMAG (Tariff Reduction Impact Model for Agriculture), defined at the 8-digit level, optimizes the domestic agricultural value added subject to a maximum number of sensitive tariff lines, accounting for various future international price scenarios. Furthermore, we test the use of alternative options for the implementation of “tariff... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: WTO agricultural negotiations; Market access; Sensitive products; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17. |
Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114381 |
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Bouet, Antoine; Mishra, Santosh; Roy, Devesh. |
This paper addresses the question of whether Africa is an undertrading continent. We answer this question using a much-improved data set for obtaining predicted trade and by employing methods that correct for bias in estimates of undertrading. Our results indicate that globally Africa is an underexporter in our preferred Heckman specification. This result is robust to the addition of various controls and the application of variants of the gravity model of trade. We also looked for explanations for Africa’s undertrading. We found that accounting for transport and communication infrastructure reduced the undertrading effect for Africa, and in some specifications of the gravity model, the under-trading effect vanished altogether. Results from a semiparametric... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Gravity model; Undertrading; Trade related infrastructure; Market access; International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42320 |
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Erenstein, Olaf. |
Lowland development efforts in West Africa have a mixed record. The paper posits that this is due to the neglect of: (1) market opportunity as driving force for lowland use; and (2) the wider context within which lowlands are used as important modifier. The paper applies a regression-based decomposition framework to analyze the factors driving and modifying lowland use in West Africa. It uses community-level data from 1014 geo-referenced lowland units around four urban centers along an agro-ecological gradient in Cote d'Ivoire and Mali. Tobit models are used to explain the extent of lowland non-use (seasonal fallow), its diversity (in terms of rice and other crop cultivation) and its land use intensity (double cropping). Results highlight that proximity to... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Urban - rural linkages; Market access; Agro-ecological gradient; West Africa; Lowland use; Peri-urban agriculture; O18; O3; Q15; Land Economics/Use. |
Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25288 |
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Listorti, Giulia; Kempen, Markus; Girardin, Jean; Kranzlein, Tim. |
Within WTO agricultural negotiations, this paper deals with alternative criteria for the selection of sensitive products. Existing methodologies mostly rely on the analysis of tariffs and trade flows. On the contrary, assessments of the economic impacts on specific groups of stakeholders, namely the domestic agricultural sector, are missing or conducted at a high level of product aggregation. We hence develop a methodology that considers the effects of the selection of sensitive products on domestic agricultural prices. Our model, TRIMAG (Tariff Reduction Impact Model for Agriculture), defined at the 8-digit level, optimizes the domestic agricultural value added subject to a maximum number of sensitive tariff lines. The existing methodologies are applied... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: WTO agricultural negotiations; Market access; Sensitive products; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17. |
Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98986 |
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Olper, Alessandro; Raimondi, Valentina. |
Starting from a theoretically consistent gravity model, this paper first provides estimates of bilateral 'border effects' in food trade among Quad countries (Canada, USA, Japan and EU) at the ISIC 4-digit level. Then, it investigates the underlying reasons of border effect, assessing the role played by policy barriers (tariffs and non-tariff barriers) with respect to barriers unrelated to trade policy, such as information related costs and cultural proximity. In contrast with several previous findings, we show that policy barriers are part of the story in explaining the strong trade reduction effect induced by national borders, and this is especially true when we control for the endogeneity of trade policy to imports, as suggested by political economy... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Border effect; Food trade; Market access; Gravity; QUAD countries; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17. |
Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25467 |
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Vincent, Michel. |
The issue of extending geographic indicator protection to products other than wines and spirits has created wide divergences between demandeurs and opponent countries at the WTO. This article examines the economic impacts of the proposals submitted at the WTO by these two groups of countries, focusing mainly on market access, generic names and impacts for the consumer in North America. Results from our survey show that reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers in North America would be more important in improving market access for EU geographical indications (GIs) than would GI extension. In addition, it would appear that North American consumers may not benefit from extension of protection to products other than wines and spirits.. |
Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Generic names; Geographical indications; Market access; WTO; International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9383 |
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Registros recuperados: 43 | |
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